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| HS Code | 784179 |
| Physical State | solid at ambient temperature |
| Appearance | light yellow crystalline waxy mass |
| Color | light yellow to yellow |
| Odor | slight characteristic paraffin odor without unpleasant smell |
| Melting Point Celsius | 58-60 |
| Oil Content By Mass Percent | ≤2.0 |
| Needle Penetration At 25 C One Tenth Mm | ≤35 |
| Kinematic Viscosity At 100 C Mm2 Per S | 4.0-7.0 |
| Flash Point Open Cup Celsius | ≥200 |
| Density At 20 C G Per Cm3 | 0.88-0.92 |
| Water Solubility | insoluble |
| Water Soluble Acids Or Alkalis | absent |
| Mechanical Impurities | none |
| Chemical Stability | chemically stable under ordinary conditions |
As an accredited 58# Crude Paraffin Wax factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | 58# Crude Paraffin Wax is packaged in 25 kg multiwall paper bags, then palletized and shrink-wrapped for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | 58# Crude Paraffin Wax is packed in bags/cartons, loaded securely on pallets into a 20′ FCL container for safe transport. |
| Shipping | 58# Crude Paraffin Wax is shipped as solidified blocks or pastilles in woven bags, palletized and wrapped to prevent contamination. Keep dry and away from heat sources. Alternatively, transport molten in heated isotanks. No dangerous goods classification; handle with standard industrial hygiene practices. |
| Storage | Store 58# Crude Paraffin Wax in a cool, dry, well-ventilated warehouse away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and open flames. Keep containers tightly sealed to prevent dust contamination and oxidation. Maintain temperature below its melting point (~58°C) to avoid softening. Separate from strong oxidizers and incompatible materials. Ensure proper firefighting equipment and grounding against static charge are available. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 24 months when stored properly; keep away from heat, sunlight, and contamination. |
Roll-coating lines for non-food corrugated board operate at line speeds between 40 m/min and 120 m/min when the wax bath is held at 90–105°C. 58# crude paraffin wax, with an oil content typically in the 1.5–2.5% range per ASTM D721, is applied at dry coat weights of 6–18 g/m² to produce a moisture-vapour barrier for agricultural produce transport boxes and industrial packaging. The 58°C melting point, measured by ASTM D87, prevents blocking at warehouse temperatures up to 40°C but still permits adhesion to the medium surface when the flutes are pre-heated to 55–70°C. Curtain coaters and two-roll flooded nip systems are used; the latter requires a melt viscosity below 50 mPa·s at 100°C. Crude oil content above 2.5% is associated with smearing on the corrugator’s preheating cylinders and with a rise in Cobb test values after 24 h water contact, which is assessed under TAPPI T 441. Curtain coating offers more uniform coverage at 8–12 g/m² but is sensitive to melt surface tension. Equipment filtration through 60-µm mesh reduces carbonized residue derived from heat-transfer surfaces. Because this is a crude grade, direct food-contact status under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 is not assumed; converters specify this grade only for indirect or non-contact packaging. For EU-bound boxes, REACH Annex XVII entries 50–52 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon limits must be confirmed by certificate of analysis.
The bloom migration rate of paraffin wax in rubber is governed by melting point, n-paraffin carbon distribution, and compound curing temperature. In tyre sidewall and conveyor belt formulations, 58# crude paraffin wax is added at 0.8–2.0 phr on top of the polymer, typically NR/SBR or NR/BR blends, in an internal mixer. During Banbury mixing at 135–150°C, the wax melts and disperses; after vulcanisation at 140–160°C, it migrates to the rubber surface over 24–72 h to form a static protective film against ozone attack. ASTM D518 and ASTM D1149 are the commonly referenced test methods for ozone resistance; the wax film acts as a physical barrier, not as a chemical antiozonant. The presence of crude oil in the wax lowers Mooney viscosity by 1–3 units and can extend scorch time, but oil migration into the polymer matrix also reduces tensile strength by up to 3% at 2.0 phr in carbon-black-filled natural rubber. Factory-scale two-roll mill blending at 50–60°C is preferred when the wax is added as a masterbatch; direct addition to a cold mill causes inhomogeneous surface speckling. Avoid combining this wax with excessive aromatic process oils, because uneven bloom and white surface deposits occur. Cure rheology is monitored under ASTM D5289-19a, and Mooney viscosity is tracked under ASTM D1646. Published data for this specific crude-grade configuration is limited; batch-to-batch oil content should be re-baselined before production lock.
Container candle formulations built on 58# crude paraffin wax require a stearic acid addition of 6–12% by weight to shift the freeze point and reduce surface mottling. The 58°C midpoint melting point is suitable for free-standing candles only when the formulation’s penetration, measured by ASTM D1321 at 25°C, is controlled below 20 dmm. Crude paraffin with oil content above 2.0% can produce sweating at ambient temperatures above 30°C unless a paraffin-stearic acid eutectic is created by holding the melt at 80–85°C for 20–30 min. Pre-blending occurs in jacketed stainless steel vessels with low-shear agitation at 60–80 rpm; high-shear mixing entrains air and increases post-cooling voids. Automated moulding lines operate with a wax discharge temperature of 70–75°C and water-cooled mould jackets maintained at 18–25°C. Cooling rates of 0.5–1.0°C/min reduce internal shrinkage cracks, while forced-air cooling above 2.0°C/min raises rejection rates from slumping and sink marks. Wick primed with a high-melt wax or polymer coating is inserted after the first skin forms. Fragrance loadings above 6% depress the melt point and require an additional 2–4% polyethylene wax to maintain sidewall rigidity. End products include economical votive and container candles; translucent and high-gloss crystal candles are not produced from this grade because the oil fraction scatters light. For EU candle exports, wick and soot behaviour is tested under EN 15426, and label safety elements follow EN 15494.
In urea-formaldehyde-bonded medium-density fibreboard, the addition of a 58# crude paraffin wax emulsion controls water absorption and improves edge stability after routing. The wax is emulsified at 55–65°C with a nonionic surfactant blend, typically at 55–60% solids, then cooled to below 40°C before injection into the blowline. Addition levels from 0.5–1.2% on dry fibre are metered against resin loadings of 8–12% urea-formaldehyde solids. The 58°C melting point delays wax migration through the mat during hot pressing at 180–220°C; if the melting point is below 56°C, the wax can vaporise and deposit on press belts. Metering pumps must be recalibrated every 300 h because residual paraffin solids accumulate in suction lines.
| Wax addition on dry fibre (wt%) | Internal bond per EN 319 (N/mm²) | 24 h thickness swell per EN 317 (%) |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5 | 0.68 | 28 |
| 0.8 | 0.62 | 22 |
| 1.2 | 0.55 | 16 |
| 1.6 | 0.46 | 12 |
Over-addition above 1.5% is associated with a sharp fall in internal bond to below 0.50 N/mm², because the wax phase interrupts resin-fibre contact. Production lines compensate by increasing resin dosage or by shortening press closure time, but the additional cost is rarely justified. Slab edges from 1.0% wax boards show reduced fibre pop after routing at 18,000 rpm spindle speed. For the European market, EN 622-5 specifies the relevant board requirements; wax emulsions must not contain APEO surfactants per REACH Annex XVII entry 46. The values above are representative of pilot-line mixing and should be re-baselined for each fibre furnish and resin cook.
Formulators adjusting hot-melt open time use 58# crude paraffin wax primarily as a viscosity depressant and set-speed modifier in EVA-based packaging adhesives. In a 28% vinyl acetate grade, the addition of 10–25% wax reduces Brookfield viscosity at 180°C from 6,000–10,000 mPa·s to 1,200–1,800 mPa·s, measured with Thermosel equipment according to ASTM D3236. The high melting point of 58°C extends open time to 35–60 s on kraft board at 20°C, compared with 20–30 s for lower-melting paraffin grades, because the adhesive remains in the molten plateau for a longer period before crystalline solidification begins. Above 30% wax, the system becomes prone to phase separation when the tackifier is a low-diene C5 resin; the molten blend shows haze and poor draw-down. Mixing at 150–160°C under nitrogen for 60–90 min is required to reduce thermal degradation. Crude oil content of 1.5–2.5% acts as a secondary plasticiser for the EVA phase, which improves elongation but reduces T-peel adhesion by 10–15% on untreated polyethylene as measured by ASTM D1876.
| Wax addition (wt%) | Brookfield viscosity at 180°C (mPa·s) | Open time on kraft (s) | T-peel on PE (N/25 mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 | 1,800 | 30 | 22 |
| 20 | 1,400 | 45 | 18 |
| 30 | 1,100 | 60 | 14 |
| 40 | 850 | 85 | 9 |
This grade is reserved for case and carton sealing, bag forming, and non-food paper lamination. It is not selected for low-temperature freezer adhesives because the high paraffin content raises the glass transition of the final adhesive to approximately 0–5°C and causes brittle failure below -10°C. Published data for this exact crude-grade configuration is limited; batch-to-batch oil migration should be verified by differential scanning calorimetry and Brookfield scans before production lock.
Installed on high-output match lines, the wax impregnation bath is maintained at 110–125°C to process splints composed of aspen or pine dried to 6–8% moisture. 58# crude paraffin wax serves as the principal combustion carrier after the head composition ignites. Splints pass through the bath at line speeds of 8–15 m/min, and wax pickup, measured by gravimetric difference, is controlled between 35–45% of the dry splint weight. The 58°C melting point prevents dripping during storage in climates up to 45°C, while the oil content of 1.5–2.5% improves the impregnation rate by reducing melt viscosity to below 12 mPa·s at 120°C. After the wax bath, splints are chilled with forced air at 15–20°C to solidify the paraffin matrix before entering the head-dipping station. The aqueous chlorate-gelatine head composition must adhere to the waxed surface; therefore, a surfactant pre-dip or mechanical roughening is applied to counter the hydrophobic surface. A 10–15% addition of stearic acid or a high-melt microcrystalline wax hardens the impregnated splint and prevents bending during the striking stroke. Combustion testing follows EN 1783 ignition behaviour and national match safety regulations; the crude wax contributes to a steady burn time of 12–20 s for standard safety matches. One production bottleneck is wax bath oxidation: prolonged holding above 130°C darkens the crude wax and increases carbon residue, which can lower flame continuity. Temperature controllers on the bath should maintain ±3°C; excursions above 135°C for more than 4 h require replenishing the bath with fresh material to keep viscosity and flash point within specification.
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58# Crude Paraffin Wax is a petroleum-derived macrocrystalline wax grade in which the 58# designation identifies a nominal melting point of 58 °C under ASTM D87 or GB/T 2539 cooling-curve determination. Unlike fully refined paraffin wax, the crude grade retains a portion of the oil fraction and non-paraffinic constituents because deep de-oiling and hydrotreatment are shortened or omitted. Supplier certificates of analysis for commercial 58# crude paraffin wax commonly report oil content from 3.0% to 10.0% by ASTM D721 or GB/T 3554, needle penetration at 25 °C from 15 dmm to 30 dmm by ASTM D1321, and kinematic viscosity at 100 °C from 4.5 mm²/s to 10.0 mm²/s by ASTM D445. Flash point by ASTM D92 Cleveland open cup is generally reported above 230 °C. These values are commercial variability bands rather than a universal specification, because crude source, solvent de-waxing severity, and vacuum cut-point decisions shift the oil and n-alkane distribution from batch to batch. The material is distinct from slack wax in that it is filtered and partially de-oiled, but it is not classified as semi-refined or fully refined paraffin wax because residual oil content remains intentionally high for cost-driven industrial applications.
The n-alkane distribution in 58# crude paraffin wax typically spans chain lengths from C18 to C40, with a crystallisation enthalpy that produces sharp cooling-curve plateaus. Because the residual oil phase is concentrated in interlamellar regions, it lowers the observed modulus and increases plastic deformation under low stress. This compositional feature explains why the crude grade is generally selected for non-food, industrial applications where dark colour, slight odour, and surface exudation are acceptable. It also explains why water contamination from tank heel condensation must be removed before melting to prevent steam-driven foaming in jacketed melt lines.
The primary differentiation is measured oil content. Fully refined paraffin wax at 58 °C is controlled to an oil content not exceeding 0.5% by ASTM D721, and semi-refined grades commonly fall between 0.5% and 1.5%. The crude grade holds 3.0% to 10.0% oil, which functions as an internal plasticizer. This oil phase reduces crystalline rigidity, lowers melt viscosity, and extends open time after application. The penalty is greater surface tack, higher colour, and slower hardening. Colour by ASTM D1500 for 58# crude paraffin wax is usually above 1.0, whereas fully refined wax is more commonly specified by minimum Saybolt colour of +25. Odour is also stronger in crude wax because volatile heteroatom species are not fully hydrotreated. The following table summarises the common grade boundaries.
| Grade | Oil content by ASTM D721 | Melting point | Typical compliance and application boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| 58# crude paraffin wax | 3.0%–10.0% | 58 °C nominal | Industrial candles, paper and corrugated waxing, wood coating, hot-melt extender; not typically food-contact |
| 58# semi-refined paraffin wax | 0.5%–1.5% | 58 °C nominal | General-purpose moulding, laminating, and non-food wax blends |
| 58# fully refined paraffin wax | ≤0.5% | 58 °C nominal | May be qualified for food-contact use under FDA 21 CFR 178.3710 |
The oil content difference also changes contraction on cooling. Fully refined 58# paraffin wax shrinks more uniformly and releases from rigid metal moulds with less surface oil. Crude 58# paraffin wax, by contrast, can leave an oily residue on mould surfaces and require periodic solvent wipe-down or hot-water spray cleaning. That cleaning requirement is an operational boundary rather than a defect when the application permits non-contact or dark-colour end use.
In industrial candle moulding, 58# crude paraffin wax is melted in a jacketed stainless-steel kettle held at 70 °C to 80 °C with slow-speed anchor agitation. The process is sensitive to oil-content variation: a shift of ±1.0% oil by ASTM D721 within the lot can alter the air-cooling tunnel residence time needed to reach demoulding hardness. Lower-oil batches harden faster but exhibit greater surface cracking when stripped from polycarbonate moulds; higher-oil batches remain tacky at the cooling-tunnel exit and may transfer wax to downstream carton flaps. Production lines therefore adjust mould water temperature within a ±2 °C control band around the ordinary setpoint, and the needle penetration of cooled candles is checked against an upper limit of 25 dmm to reduce slumping during warehouse storage at 40 °C. The addition of 2 wt% to 5 wt% microcrystalline wax raises hardness and reduces oil migration, but it also increases melt viscosity and can require a 5 °C to 8 °C rise in melt temperature. Published data for candle slump resistance at this exact addition level is limited; the stated range is a common industrial starting point, not a guaranteed formulation.
Fragrance loading is another process window that shifts with oil content. In commercial candle production, fragrance loads of 6 wt% to 10 wt% are common, but the solubility limit depends on fragrance composition and wax oil content. Higher oil fractions may initially dissolve more fragrance, but they also increase the rate at which the fragrance migrates to the candle surface during storage. Visible exudation becomes more likely as oil content by ASTM D721 approaches the upper end of the crude range. Because no single ASTM or ISO test defines a universal fragrance-exudation limit for 58# crude paraffin wax, candidate formulations are screened by cyclic temperature storage from 15 °C to 35 °C and visual assessment against an agreed reference.
For corrugated board and paper saturating operations, 58# crude paraffin wax is applied through heated roll-coating or curtain-coating equipment at 85 °C to 95 °C. The high oil content reduces melt viscosity and improves penetration into medium flutes, but it also extends the time to a hard set. In waxed-box plants, a measurable difference in line speed occurs when the ingoing oil content changes by 2.0%; lower-oil material sets faster and can seal flaps without offsetting, while higher-oil material leaves a residual surface film that transfers to conveyor belts. Consequently, the applicator roll temperature is maintained within a ±3 °C band and the wax supply tank is sampled for oil content every 4 h during continuous runs. Water resistance of the finished board is frequently assessed by Cobb water absorption using ISO 535 or TAPPI T441. Published data for a specific substrate configuration is limited; the absorber setting and wax coverage must be qualified on the production line.
Water-based wax emulsions made from 58# crude paraffin wax require high-shear rotor-stator dispersion because the oil-containing wax has a different required hydrophilic-lipophilic balance than fully refined wax. In a typical batch, molten wax at 75 °C to 85 °C is emulsified into water containing a nonionic surfactant combination at 2 wt% to 5 wt% of total wax. The effectiveness of the emulsion is monitored by particle size; a volume-median diameter below 1 µm is common for stable wood-panel release or concrete form-release emulsions. High oil content above 6.0% can reduce the sharp cooling transition and broaden the particle-size distribution, which may require increasing rotor speed or adding an anionic co-surfactant. The use of amine-based corrosion inhibitors in the water phase should be avoided with anionic emulsifier packages because the resulting charge collapse may lead to rapid coagulation. This incompatibility is process-specific and should be confirmed by jar-scale screening before production.
In melt storage, 58# crude paraffin wax is held in nitrogen-blanketed carbon-steel or stainless-steel tanks at 70 °C to 85 °C. The oxidation stability of crude paraffin wax is lower than that of fully refined wax because unsaturated and polar residues remain. Prolonged holding above 90 °C accelerates colour-body formation and can raise acid number; therefore a storage temperature upper limit of 85 °C is commonly imposed on bulk tanks. Viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 should be trended against oil content. A viscosity below 4.5 mm²/s indicates a light-ends-rich lot and lower melt strength, while a viscosity above 10.0 mm²/s suggests a heavier or more oxidized lot that may not atomise evenly in spray-wax systems. The following property table records the typical specification envelope used by downstream buyers for incoming inspection.
| Property | Test method | Typical incoming-control range |
|---|---|---|
| Melting point | ASTM D87 / GB/T 2539 | 58 °C–60 °C |
| Oil content | ASTM D721 / GB/T 3554 | 3.0%–10.0% |
| Needle penetration at 25 °C | ASTM D1321 | 15 dmm–30 dmm |
| Kinematic viscosity at 100 °C | ASTM D445 | 4.5 mm²/s–10.0 mm²/s |
| Flash point | ASTM D92 | >230 °C |
| Density at 25 °C | ASTM D1298 | 0.90 g/cm³–0.92 g/cm³ |
| Colour | ASTM D1500 | 1.0–4.0 |
Water contamination must be controlled before melt processing. If atmospheric storage tanks are used, bottom water from condensation or steam-coil leakage can accumulate and cause violent foaming when the wax is heated above 100 °C. A water content below 0.1% by ASTM D95 is a common pre-melt acceptance limit for agitated tanks feeding close-clearance gear pumps. Filtration of the molten wax through 10 µm to 25 µm hot cartridges is typical before spray atomization or roll coating to reduce nozzle plugging from filterable solids and oxidized skins.
Microcrystalline waxes differ in crystal structure and mechanical response. 58# crude paraffin wax is predominantly linear n-paraffin and forms large crystalline platelets that shrink more on cooling. Microcrystalline wax contains a higher proportion of branched and cyclic hydrocarbons; its needle penetration at 25 °C by ASTM D1321 often exceeds 30 dmm, and its kinematic viscosity at 100 °C by ASTM D445 is typically above 10 mm²/s. Blending 58# crude paraffin wax with microcrystalline wax at 5 wt% to 15 wt% reduces brittleness and oil syneresis in candle and coating applications, but it lowers the sharp melting plateau that the 58# grade provides. The distinction is important in adhesive compounding: crude paraffin wax reduces hot-melt viscosity and cost per kilogram, whereas microcrystalline wax improves flexibility and adhesion. The exact blending ratio is not fixed by a single standard and must be determined by needle penetration, ring-and-ball softening point ASTM E28, and low-temperature flex tests relevant to the end item.
In ethylene-vinyl acetate hot-melt compounding, 58# crude paraffin wax is metered into a jacketed sigma-blade mixer at 120 °C to 140 °C. The grade reduces melt viscosity at 180 °C by ASTM D3236 and shortens open time in packaging adhesives. Oil content becomes a critical variable because it shifts the wax-tackifier compatibility boundary; high oil can soften the final adhesive and reduce shear adhesion failure temperature under ASTM D4498. Published data for the exact shift in shear adhesion failure temperature in this specific 58# crude grade is limited, so the wax addition ratio is adjusted to hold the finished-adhesive softening point within a ±2 °C band by ASTM E28.
In wood-plastic composite extrusion, 58# crude paraffin wax is sometimes used as an external processing aid at 2 wt% to 5 wt% of the formulation. The oil fraction can reduce melt pressure in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder with L/D 25:1, but it also migrates to the surface during cooling and may interfere with subsequent adhesion of water-based coatings. Because published data for coating adhesion loss at this specific loading is limited, qualification is performed by cross-cut adhesion testing according to ISO 2409 after conditioning for 24 h at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity. The crude grade is therefore restricted to dark-coloured or non-decorative wood-plastic composite profiles where surface exudation is not considered a failure mode.
